Carburetor



B. BANNISTER JARBURETOR Filed Nov. l2 1921 A/bm,

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July 1, 1924.

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Fati-interi duly l, i924.

BRYANT BANHSTER, OF PTTSBURGH, ENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BNNISTER. TOTGR AEPLIANCE COMPANY, A CORPGRTION OF PENNSYLVANIA...

GARBURETOR.

Application filed November 12, 1921. Serial No. 514,571.

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, Biarxvr BANNIsrnn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny' and the State of Pennsylvania, have made a nen7 and useful Invention in Carburetors, of 'which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to carburetor or combustible mixture or charge forming devices for internal combustion engines.

The present practice of makingcommercial gasoline by mixing highly volatile hydro-carbon fractions with heavier fractions such as naphtha, distillate and kerosene makes it desirable that some means be provided for transforming the mixture of' such complex liquid and air into a mixture which may be readily and thoroughlycon sumed in an internal combustion engine operating under varying load conditions and an object of this invention is to provide means for thoroughly vaporizing the heavier components of such liquid fuel Without materially raising the temperature of the light-'er components thereof in order to obtain a -combustible mixture of maxii mum density consistent with comple-te and rapid combustion under varying load conditions.

In utiliziiighydrocarbon fuels, composed in part of heaviernot readily vaporizable fractions, it has been found that in order to obtain smokeless operation, the mixture should enter the engine cylinders atrelatively high temperatures When idling and when running at low loads and at much lower temperatures when operating under heavy loads.. This also prevails for obtaining maximum efliciency and maximum output of argiven engine. i

A further object ofthis invention, therefore, is to provide a carburetor or charge forming device for fulfilling the above requirements.

Realizing that a mixture of present-day commercial gasoline and air is necessarily a Wet mixture, and that the less rapidly vaporizable components of the same may be centrifugally separated from the main body of the mixture, a further obgect of this invention is to provide a simple carburetor utilizing centrifugal selective separation whereby the heavier r Wet portions may heated and rendered readily inammable. I

Without materially increasing the temperature of the mixture stream as a Whole thus insuring mixture of maximum density conlsistent with rapid and complete combustion.

A still further object is to provide. a carburetor in which the mixture under certain varying conditions is automatically enriched or impoverished.

A- still further and more limited object is to provide means in a carburetor, adapted to be used on a motor vehicle, for .automatically enrichin the mixture as the vehicle asc-ends a gra e, and for automatically impoverishing the mixture'as the vehicle descends a grade.

The above as Well as other objects I attain in the device described in the specification and illustrated iii the drawings accomi'ianying and forming a part of this application.

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a vievir in vertical section through the device. Fig. '2 is an cod view in elevation looking toward the inlet end of the device- (portions of the float chamber being broken away), and Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. l.

The carburetor or mixture forming device comprises :--first, an inlet portion in which the proportioiiiiig of liquid fuel and air takes place and in which the preliminary atomizing or pulverizing of the liquid fuel and its mechanical admixture with the air occurs,second, a combined heating1 and vaporizing portion in which the mixture is selectively heated. and'in which the heavier components thereof tend to ti'averseone path Where they are heated and vaporized, While' the lighter components tend to traverse another path, in Which their temperature is not materially 1'aised,-third, an outlet portion in which the heated and unheated components of the mixture are reunited and compacted in a homogeneous stream. n

The outlet 4 of the device is hanged at 5 for attachment to the engine inlet manifold. A fuel nozzle A6 located Within the air inlet 7 is supplied with liquid fuel from a constant level float chamber 8, and the flow of liquid fuel from lthe float chamber is controlled by means of needle valve 9.

The inlet portion adgac'ent' fuel nozzle 6 4 formati as e part of the main casting. fitr' is formed in the nature of a 4"Venturi choke tube, and the fuel nozzle enters the throat or eonstricted portion of the tube. Below the throatthe mixture channel widens out as shown at ll() (Fig, 2), and the passage through the device troni this point te the outlet i is substantially rectangular in cross section in the mein and of arcuate form.

A bele or partition 11 eonoentrieeliy erw ranged with relation to the upper. anti low er Walls 12 and 13, resjpeotively9 or" the erouate passage divides the passage into two channels i and 15. l

A. valve 16 formed somewhat in the manner of s Corlissvalve with circular end plates 17-17 is rotatively mounted Within circular openings formed in the side Walls Aof the device., end is confined in piece by end plates 18 and 1 9. l

i valve spindle 20 projects through end plete 18 end; by means or suitable mechanism' is .aclepted to be rotated either manually or by e governor.

A heater chamber 2l preferably of arouate form and having an inlet 22 and an out let 213 'encircles the lower or outer arcuate Wall of the ,mixture passage.

The outer wall 13 of outer channel i5 et the mixture passage 14 is provided with a Iraunher of heat absorbing fins 24 which ef;-

tenflsrom eetl to end of the heater and across the seme from top to bottoni. number of heet'rediating ribs 25 project from Wall 13 a slight distance into channel" l5 end extend. from one end, tothe other thereof. I

For the purpose et manufacture, both sides of the device are open from point Q6 to point 27.1, ami from partition or bailie ll. to the outer Wall 28 of 1the heater so the-t the heat interchange element made up arcuate wall 13, heat absorbing tins 24:, and heat raciiating ribs 25 may be, slid sidewise into place in grooves or slots 29 anal 3G formed. for that purpose in the main casting. rilie sides of the channel 15 and the sides oit the heater are closed by side plates heid in place by sorews 32 which are threaded into suitable bosses 33 on the casting.

A mixture modiiier formed in the nature of e thin plate 34 is carried by a small shaft 35 which passes through openings 'formeel for that purpose in the sidewalls above the throat of the Venturi choke tube. The lower end of the plate is shaped, as shown et 36, to conform to the adjacent Well of Ven turi choke tube, While the upper end 37 is preferably bent at an angle to the mein portion of the plate, anti is formed straight across from side to side.

Shaft or stern is mounted 'for rotation on bearing screws 38 carried by e yoke 39 35 near one emi carries a stop pin 40 et the other weight si.

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will be slightly greater than the press A. yoke l2 oseillatively mounted on a stuol screw i3 threaded into a hoes onthe main metingen one arm, carries en iclling ad justment screw i4 end at its center Carries I a light let spring 4:5. The yoke by means of suitable meohemsm is adaptecl to be man uaily manipulated. When inthe position shown in. Fig. l the yoke ebuts against stop pin i0 and by means of adjusting screw e4, the idling position of moxiier 3ft may be secured. -When the yoke is swung to the op- `posite position, spring ewill be in Contact with stop pin 40 and `Will yieldiuglyhold mooliiier plate 34 in position so that? its lower enel will eontaet with the Wall of the Venturi choke tube. The meolianism for oscillating; the yoke will preferably be such that the yoke wili be locked et one or the other limits movement. A (inet or vohazulel @gli extentie -from the Venturi choke tube to .manuel i? Whieh surrounols neeclle valve lli-mei which eonimunioates with fuel nozzle y Assume that the carburetor or mixture forming device is connected up to an internal combustion engine and a suitable source of liquid fuel supplyN and that heater 2l is 'connected so as to receive exhaust gases from the engine Betere starting the engine? yol're i2 will preferably be swung to the opposite position from that shown in Fig;t l and throttle valve l@ will'be. slight ly cracked. W ith the device so set, the mi ture will ebnormelly rich, sinoernodiiier Si by means et spring i5 will he held. what may he termeol closed or rich positions that is with its lower end ineontaot with the throat eveil. Ween in closed position, the modifier tends to create an abnormel. lcondition in the throat ot the Venturi 'oholre tube, a condition "in which the pressure at the outlet et fuel nozzle 6 issubnormal, thereby effecting an over-rich mixture which is desirable for starting.

- vChannel or port e6 enters the Venturi choke tube at e point above the fuel' nozzle, in other VWords at e. point Where the pressure, during the operation of the engine at the outlet of the fuel nozzle, air, the fiore, will Sov! through port in @hanne-i to chamber e? surroumiing needle valve and back to the Venturi choke tube through theA fuel nozzle. ibis tennis to bres-lr up er atomize the liquid fuel aucithue aeilitetes vaporizetion.

The mixture7 or evt-leest a portion thereof@ before it passes throttle valve le 'will eonteet with heatetl plate S4 Whieh forros rliviiln ing tva-ll 'between one portion ot the arcuate mixture passage and the heater, but the ure vaporize'd portions of the liquid fuel issuing- .iieiu nozzle i3 during' idling and light vv' l tali by e vity ente valve idling eine and means located immediately adiacent the entrance to said passages for so controlling .said passagesthat one remains entirely.

closed until 'the other is Wide'open and the one last to open is entirely closed before the other begins to close. V

6,. In a combustible mixture forming device for internal combustion engines, an air inlet, a mixture outlet, a liquid fuel n0zzle adjacent said inlet, two mixture traversing passages intermediate said inlet and. outlet and` of such form and relative le cation that the heavier components of the mixture traversing the device tend to enter one passage in' preference to the other, means for heating the passage which the heavier components so tend to enter to a higher temperature than the other passage, and a valve located immediately adjacent the entrance Se to said passages for so controlling said passages that one remains entirely closed until the other is wide open and the one last to open is entirely closed before the other begins to close. e

7. ln a combustible mixture forming device for internal combustion engines, an air inlet, a mixture outlet, a liquid fuel nozzle adjacent said inlet, two mixture traversing passa es intermediate said inlet and outlet and o such relative location that the heavier components of the mixture travers ing the device tend to enter one passage in preference to the other, means for heating the passaage which the heavier components so tend to enter to a higher temperature than the other passage, and a valve for so controlling said passages that one remains entirely closed until the other is Wide open and the one last to open is entirely closed before the other be `ns to close.

8. ln a combusti le mixture forming device `for internal combustion engines, an air incassa inlet, a mixture outlet, a :hiel nasale ad" that the va orized liquid fuel from said nozzle will tall thereon by gravity.

9. ln a combustible mixture forming device tor internal combustion engines, fuel feeding means, means tending to centrii ugally separate the unvaporized from the vaporized portions of the `fuel, means tor heating the unvaporized portions, a valve located at the entrance to said heating means and constructed so as to Wire-draw and atomize the fluid flowing therethrough dur ing light loads on the engine to Which the device is attached.

l0. ln a combustible mixture forming device for internal combustion engines, two mixture-traversing passages so constructed and arranged that the heavier components ot the mixture will tend to flow through one passage While the lighter components will tend to iow through the other, means for heating the passage through which the heavier components tend to ovv and a Corliss type valve located at the linlets to said passage. y

1l. ln 4a carburetor, a throttle valve, an air inlet above said throttle, a mixture outlet beyond said throttle valve, a fuel nozzle adjacent said inlet, a divided arcuate passage between said throttle valve and said outlet and a heat interchanger associated with one ot the divisions of said passage.

In testimony whereof, l have hereunto subscribed my name this 7th day of Novemter, 19er.

BRYANT Bannieres. 

